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Физика

США

for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems

Франция

for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses

Канада

for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses

Химия

США

for the directed evolution of enzymes

США

for the phage display of peptides and antibodies

Великобритания

for the phage display of peptides and antibodies

Медицина

США

for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation

Япония

for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation

Литература

Польша

for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life

Мир

Демократическая Республика Конго

for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict

Ирак

for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict

Экономика

США

for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis

США

for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis