1953

for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope

for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry

for his discovery of the citric acid cycle

for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism

for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values

for proposing and supervising the plan for the economic recovery of Europe