2002

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources

for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules

for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules

for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution

for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death

for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history

for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development

for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty

for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms