1978

for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics

for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation

for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation

for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory

for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics

for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics

for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics

for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life

for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978

for jointly having negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel in 1978

for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations