1958

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin

for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events

for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events

for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria

for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition

for his efforts to help refugees to leave their camps and return to a life of freedom and dignity