for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces
for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures
for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs
for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses
for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel
for his lifelong effort to conquer hunger and want, thereby helping to remove a major cause of military conflict and war